Influence of seasonality on the physiological and seminal parameters of buffaloes in the western region of Pará1 / Influência da sazonalidade nos parâmetros fisiológicos e seminais de búfalos da região oeste do Pará

Awareness of the physiological changes that occur when animals are subjected to climatic changes that are considered stressful is essential to maintain animal welfare and to be able to exploit their reproductive potential efficiently and rationally. The present study was carried out to evaluate climatic variables' influence on physiological parameters, and Murrah buffalo ejaculates reared in a humid tropical climate in the Amazon. The immediate analyzes pertinent to the physical and morphological characteristics of the ejaculates were carried out and corresponded in the rainy season (RS) volume of 3.4±2.0mL; the mass activity of 4.4±0.5; motility of 80.4±5.6%; vigor of 4.4±0.4; concentration of 657,300±237,865.1 x 106sptz/mL; major defects of 9.0±2.6%; minor defects of 11.2±3.9%; total defects 20.2±5.3% and sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI) 84.8±5.6%, whereas in the non-rainy season (nRS), the results were 4.0±2.1mL; the mass activity of 3.0±1.0; motility of 56.2±13.4%; vigor of 3.0±1.0; concentration of 586,000±291,925.9 x 106sptz/mL; major defects of 20.8±9.9%; minor defects of 27.5±6.3%; total defects 48.3±9.3% and SPMI of 57.9±12.4%. Furthermore, a statistical difference (P<0.05) was observed for the parameters mass activity, motility, vigor, major defects, minor defects, total defects, and sperm plasma membrane integrity between both periods. The data on heart frequency, superficial temperature (head, back, groin, and scrotal pouch) showed a statistical difference between both periods (P<0.05). To conclude is necessary specific management in the non-rainy season that thermal stress is not a determining factor in reducing the reproductive quality of buffaloes; it is necessary to use means to improve animal welfare; one alternative is to use baths regularly for these animals or provide constant access to areas of rivers or lakes, as well as shading, preventing the buffaloes from being directly exposed to the unfavorable thermal environment.(AU)

O conhecimento das alterações fisiológicas que ocorrem quando os animais são submetidos a alterações climatológicas consideradas estressantes é fundamental para manter o bem-estar animal, e poder explorar o seu potencial reprodutivo de forma eficiente e racional. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de variáveis climáticas sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e de ejaculados de búfalos, da raça Murrah, criados em clima tropical úmido da Amazônia. As análises imediatas pertinentes às características físicas e morfológicas dos ejaculados foram realizadas e corresponderam no período chuvoso (PCh) o volume de 3,4±2,0mL, turbilhonamento de 4,4±0,5; motilidade de 80,4±5,6%; vigor de 4,4±0,4; concentração de 657.300±237.865,1 x 106sptz/mL; defeitos maiores de 9,0±2,6%; defeitos menores de 11,2±3,9%; defeitos totais de 20,2±5,3% e integridade da membrana plasmática (IMP) de 84,8±5,6%, enquanto que no período não chuvoso (PnCh), os resultados foram de 4,0±2,1mL; turbilhonamento de 3,0±1,0; motilidade de 56,2±13,4%; vigor de 3,0±1,0; concentração de 586.000±291.925,9 x 106sptz/mL; defeitos maiores de 20,8±9,9%; defeitos menores de 27,5±6,3%; defeitos totais de 48,3±9,3% e IMP de 57,9±12,4%. Observou-se diferença estatística (P<0,05) para os parâmetros movimento de massa, motilidade, vigor, defeitos maiores, defeitos menores, defeitos totais e integridade da membrana plasmática entre os dois períodos. Dados de frequência cardíaca, temperatura superficial (cabeça, dorso, virilha e bolsa escrotal) diferiram estatisticamente entre os períodos (P<0,05). Conclui-se que se faz necessário usar de um manejo específico no período não chuvoso para que o estresse térmico não seja um fator determinante na redução da qualidade reprodutiva dos búfalos, para isto se faz necessário utilizar de meios para melhorar o bem-estar animal, sendo uma das alternativas fazer uso de banhos regularmente para estes animais, ou disponibilizar acesso constante destes a áreas de rios ou lagos, assim como sombreamentos, evitando que os búfalos fiquem expostos diretamente ao ambiente térmico desfavorável.(AU)

Evaluation of multimodal approach for minimizing post-tonsillectomy morbidity in pediatric patients a prospective randomized study

Tonsillectomy is a very common paediatric day-cast procedure that is associated with significant postoperative pain. Pain control continues to be a challenge for adenotonsillectomy patients. To study the effect of combination of pre-emptive analgesia with acetaminophen, pre-induction dose of dexamethasone and intra-operative infiltration olbupivacain on post-tonsillectomy pain and morbidity in young children. A prospective, randomized study, done over a total of 100 children, aged 3 to 12 years, undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy operation, in KFSH, Buraidah in KSA. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1, received acetaminophen 35mg/kg supp. Or 15mg/kg orally, and IV 0.5mg/kg of dexamethasone in the ward just before sending to OR and local infiltration of 2mL of bupivacain 0.5% in each tonsil bed after the completion of surgery but before the patient's recovery from anaesthesia. Group 2 was placebo. Both groups received standard anaesthetic technique by the same anaesthetist and were operated using the same cold tonsil dissection technique by the one ENT surgeon. Modified objective pain score [OPS] was chosen as the primary end-point of the study. Time to first analgesic dose, total dose of analgesia in the first 24 hours, time to 100mL of oral intake and incidence of vomiting were registered as secondary end-points, as well as the length of hospital stay. The average modified objective pain score was significantly lower in the study group at all measurement timings. Dose of analgesia given in the first 24 hours was lower and time to first analgesic dose was longer in the study group. Also time to 100mL of oral intake was shorter in the study group. The incidence of late vomiting was significantly more frequent in the placebo group. Seven patients in the placebo group and none in the study group had a delayed discharge from the hospital [more than a 24-h stay] because of poor oral intake, this was statistically significant. The additive effect of the multimodal approach has dramatically minimized post-tonsillectomy pain and vomiting as well as improved postoperative oral intake and consequently reduced the period of hospital stay in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy operation

Milk iodine residues as influenced by exogenous iodine uptake

The effect of supplemental dietary potassium iodide on milk iodine residues was studied in forty early lactating Friesian cows. These animals were divided into 2 equal groups, a control group receiving no iodine supplement and an iodine supplemented group of 0.2 mg/kg body weight daily and continued for seven weeks. Iodine supplementation resulted in high milk iodine residues [662.33 + 13.71 ug/L] as evaluated according to Committee of Dietary Allowance and may be pose human health threat. Another experiment was undertaken to determine the influence of iodophor teat dips on milk iodine residues. Thirty lactating Friesian cows were assigned into 3 equal groups. A control group and two iodophoe teat dipped groups, one of each was dipped prior to milking and another after milking. The obtained data indicated that premilking iodophor teat dips with subsequent drying of teat added insignificantly increased amount of iodine to milk, while post-milking iodophor teat dips significantly increased milk iodine values, but did not cause a large increase above the established safe limit submitted by International St and ard of National Research Council and Committee of Dietary Allowance. The public health importance of high milk iodine residues as well as the suggested measures for safeguard and the consumers were discussed

eye and alloxan diabetes, a histological study on the cornea, conjunctiva and uveal tract

Diabetes was induced in rabbits by injecting alloxan in their ear vein. These animal were classifid into two groups, one groups were sacrificed after 3 months, while the other groups were sacrificed after 5 months. A third group was considered as a control. The eyes were enucleated and prepared for histological study after staining with haematoxylin and eosin, and PAS stains. The eyes were examined for their cornea, conjunctivas, irides, ciliary bodies ans choroids. The changes, which were met with, were identified and discussed